Python图形编程探索系列-09-tkinter与matplotlib结合案例

案例1

案例来自于：https://bbs.csdn.net/topics/390326088
代码示例：

import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('TkAgg')
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
root.title("tkinter and matplotlib")

f = Figure(figsize=(5, 4), dpi=100)
f_plot = f.add_subplot(111)

def other_picture_alg(): #数据相关的算法应该与plot分离开
    x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
    y = [3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 15, 12, 15, 18]
    return x, y

def draw_picture():
    f_plot.clear()
    x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] #关于数据的部分可以提取出来
    y = [3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30]
    f_plot.plot(x, y)
    canvs.draw()

def draw_picture2():
    f_plot.clear()
    x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] #关于数据的部分可以提取出来
    y = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, 0]
    f_plot.plot(x, y)
    canvs.draw()

def draw_picture3():
    f_plot.clear()
    x, y = other_picture_alg() # 使用由算法生成的数据，可以避免重复的运算过程
    f_plot.plot(x, y)
    canvs.draw()

canvs = FigureCanvasTkAgg(f, root)
canvs.get_tk_widget().pack(side=TOP, fill=BOTH, expand=1)
Button(root, text='pic', command=draw_picture).pack()
Button(root, text='pic2', command=draw_picture2).pack()
Button(root, text='pic3', command=draw_picture3).pack()

root.mainloop()

运行结果：

案例2

这个案例网上流传的比较多，这里只是一个参考例子，原始版本看代码示例2。

代码示例1：

import tkinter as tk
import matplotlib
from numpy import arange, sin, pi
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import NavigationToolbar2TkAgg
from matplotlib.backend_bases import key_press_handler
from matplotlib.figure import Figure

# matplotlib.use('TkAgg')

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("matplotlib in tkinter")

# set a figure
f = Figure(figsize=(5, 4), dpi=100)
a = f.add_subplot(111)
t = arange(0.0, 3.0, 0.01)
s = sin(2*pi*t)
a.plot(t, s)


canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(f, master=root)
canvas.show()
canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)

toolbar = NavigationToolbar2TkAgg(canvas, root)
toolbar.update()

def on_key_event(event):
    print('you press %s' %event.key)
    key_press_handler(event, canvas, toolbar)

canvas.mpl_connect('key_press_event', on_key_event)


def _quit():
    root.quit()
    root.destroy()

button = tk.Button(root, text='quit', command=_quit)
button.pack(side=tk.BOTTOM)

root.mainloop()

运行结果：

代码实例2

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35829961/using-matplotlib-with-tkinter-tkagg

import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('TkAgg')
from numpy import arange, sin, pi
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2TkAgg
# Implement the default mpl key bindings
from matplotlib.backend_bases import key_press_handler
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import sys
if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
    import Tkinter as Tk
else:
    import tkinter as Tk

root = Tk.Tk()
root.wm_title("Embedding in TK")
f = Figure(figsize=(5, 4), dpi=100)
a = f.add_subplot(111)
t = arange(0.0, 3.0, 0.01)
s = sin(2*pi*t)
a.plot(t, s)
# A tk.DrawingArea
canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(f, master=root)
canvas.show()
canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side=Tk.TOP, fill=Tk.BOTH, expand=1)
toolbar = NavigationToolbar2TkAgg(canvas, root)
toolbar.update()
canvas._tkcanvas.pack(side=Tk.TOP, fill=Tk.BOTH, expand=1)
def on_key_event(event):
    print('you pressed %s' % event.key)
    key_press_handler(event, canvas, toolbar)
canvas.mpl_connect('key_press_event', on_key_event)
def _quit():
    root.quit() # Stops mainloop
    root.destroy() # This is necessary on Windows to prevent
                    # Fatal Python Error: PyEval_RestoreThread: NULL tstate

button = Tk.Button(master=root, text='Quit', command=_quit)
button.pack(side=Tk.BOTTOM)
Tk.mainloop()

案例3

参考 http://www.cnblogs.com/chaosimple/p/4029687.html

import numpy as np
from tkinter import *
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
from matplotlib.figure import Figure

def drawPic():
    try:
        sampleCount=int(inputEntry.get())
    except:
        sampleCount=50
        print('请输入整数')
        nputEntry.delete(0, END)
        inputEntry.insert(0, '50')
    #清空图像，以使得前后两次绘制的图像不会重叠
    drawPic.f.clf()
    drawPic.a = drawPic.f.add_subplot(111)
    #在[0,100]范围内随机生成sampleCount个数据点
    x = np.random.randint(0, 100, size=sampleCount)
    y = np.random.randint(0, 100, size=sampleCount)
    color = ['b', 'r', 'y', 'g']
    #绘制这些随机点的散点图，颜色随机选取
    drawPic.a.scatter(x, y, s=3, color=color[np.random.randint(len(color))])
    drawPic.a.set_title('Demo: Draw N Random Dot')
    drawPic.canvas.show()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()
    #在Tk的GUI上放置一个画布，并用.grid()来调整布局
    drawPic.f = Figure(figsize=(5, 4), dpi=100)
    drawPic.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(drawPic.f, master=root)
    drawPic.canvas.show()
    drawPic.canvas.get_tk_widget().grid(row=0, columnspan=3)
    #放置标签、文本框和按钮等部件，并设置文本框的默认值和按钮的事件函数
    Label(root, text='请输入样本数量：').grid(row=1, column=0)
    inputEntry = Entry(root)
    inputEntry.grid(row=1, column=1)
    inputEntry.insert(0, '50')
    Button(root, text='画图', command=drawPic).grid(row=1, column=2, columnspan=3)
    #启动事件循环
    root.mainloop()

运行结果：

代码第二版本

参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/hhh5460/p/5172134.html
有些场合，我们需要对数据可视化。单是靠 tkinter 难度太大，而且做出来的效果不一定理想。此时，将 tkinter 与 matplotlib 结合，是最好的选择。知识点：将 tkinter 与 matplotlib 结合的整个套路是固定的，只需要关心我们的绘图逻辑和程序逻辑即可。

import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('TkAgg')
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg,
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import NavigationToolbar2TkAgg
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import tkinter as tk
class Application(tk.Tk):
    '''
    文件夹选择程序
    界面与逻辑分离
    '''
    def __init__(self):
        '''初始化'''
        super().__init__() # 有点相当于tk.Tk()
        self.wm_title("Embed matplotlib in tkinter")
        self.createWidgets()
    def createWidgets(self):
        '''界面'''
        fig = Figure(figsize=(5, 4), dpi=100)
        self.ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
        self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(fig, master=self)
        self.canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)
        self.canvas._tkcanvas.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)
        toolbar = NavigationToolbar2TkAgg(self.canvas, self)
        toolbar.update()
        footframe = tk.Frame(master=self).pack(side=tk.BOTTOM)
        tk.Button(master=footframe, text='重画', command=self.draw).pack(side=tk.BOTTOM)
        tk.Button(master=footframe, text='退出', command=self._quit).pack(side=tk.BOTTOM)
        self.draw() # 绘图
    def draw(self):
        '''绘图逻辑'''
        x = np.random.randint(0, 50, size=100)
        y = np.random.randint(0, 50, size=100)
        # self.fig.clf() # 方式一：①清除整个Figure区域
        # self.ax = self.fig.add_subplot(111) # ②重新分配Axes区域
        self.ax.clear() # 方式二：①清除原来的Axes区域
        self.ax.scatter(x, y, s=3) # 重新画
        self.canvas.show()
    def _quit(self):
        '''退出'''
        self.quit() # 停止 mainloop
        self.destroy() # 销毁所有部件
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 实例化Application
    app = Application()
    # 主消息循环:
    app.mainloop()

结果：