The Search API

现在 我们开始使用一些简单的搜索, 有两种基本的方式来运行搜索。

一个是通过发送搜索参数通过RSET请求URI, 另外的通过RESET 请求体发送。

请求body 方法允许你更加有表现力的,定义你的搜索是更加可读的JSON格式

我们尝试一个请求URI 方法的例子但是这个章节的剩余部分,我们会专门使用请求body 方法。


The REST API  用于搜索是可访问的从_search endpoint. 这个例子返回所有的文档在bank index.


让我们首先分析搜索调用,我们是搜索(_search endpoint) 在bankindex,

q=* parameter 通知Elasticsearch 来匹配所有的文档在索引里

sort=account_number:asc 参数表明 排序 结果集使用account_number  字段


pretty  参数 告诉Elasticsearch  返回漂亮的JSON结果






GET /test/_search?q=*&sort=account_number:asc&pretty

[elk@node01 api]$ curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XPOST 'http://192.168.137.2:9200/test/account/_bulk?pretty&refresh' --data-binary "@bb.json"(_search endpoint)

{
  "took": 15,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 5,
    "max_score": null,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "test",
        "_type": "account",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": null,
        "_source": {
          "account_number": 1,
          "balance": 39225,
          "firstname": "Amber",
          "lastname": "Duke",
          "age": 32,
          "gender": "M",
          "address": "880 Holmes Lane",
          "employer": "Pyrami",
          "email": "amberduke@pyrami.com",
          "city": "Brogan",
          "state": "IL"
        },
        "sort": [
          1
        ]
      },
      {
        "_index": "test",
        "_type": "account",
        "_id": "6",
        "_score": null,
        "_source": {
          "account_number": 6,
          "balance": 5686,
          "firstname": "Hattie",
          "lastname": "Bond",
          "age": 36,
          "gender": "M",
          "address": "671 Bristol Street",
          "employer": "Netagy",
          "email": "hattiebond@netagy.com",
          "city": "Dante",
          "state": "TN"
        },
        "sort": [
          6
        ]
      },
      {
        "_index": "test",
        "_type": "account",
        "_id": "13",
        "_score": null,
        "_source": {
          "account_number": 13,
          "balance": 32838,
          "firstname": "Nanette",
          "lastname": "Bates",
          "age": 28,
          "gender": "F",
          "address": "789 Madison Street",
          "employer": "Quility",
          "email": "nanettebates@quility.com",
          "city": "Nogal",
          "state": "VA"
        },
        "sort": [
          13
        ]
      },
      {
        "_index": "test",
        "_type": "account",
        "_id": "18",
        "_score": null,
        "_source": {
          "account_number": 18,
          "balance": 4180,
          "firstname": "Dale",
          "lastname": "Adams",
          "age": 33,
          "gender": "M",
          "address": "467 Hutchinson Court",
          "employer": "Boink",
          "email": "daleadams@boink.com",
          "city": "Orick",
          "state": "MD"
        },
        "sort": [
          18
        ]
      },
      {
        "_index": "test",
        "_type": "account",
        "_id": "20",
        "_score": null,
        "_source": {
          "account_number": 20,
          "balance": 16418,
          "firstname": "Elinor",
          "lastname": "Ratliff",
          "age": 36,
          "gender": "M",
          "address": "282 Kings Place",
          "employer": "Scentric",
          "email": "elinorratliff@scentric.com",
          "city": "Ribera",
          "state": "WA"
        },
        "sort": [
          20
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}


GET /test/_search?q=Amber&sort=account_number:asc&pretty



至于响应,我们看几个部分:

{
  "took": 20,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 2,
    "max_score": null,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "test",
        "_type": "account",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": null,
        "_source": {
          "account_number": 1,
          "balance": 39225,
          "firstname": "Amber",
          "lastname": "Duke",
          "age": 32,
          "gender": "M",
          "address": "880 Holmes Lane",
          "employer": "Pyrami",
          "email": "amberduke@pyrami.com",
          "city": "Brogan",
          "state": "IL"
        },
        "sort": [
          1
        ]
      },
      {
        "_index": "test",
        "_type": "account",
        "_id": "99",
        "_score": null,
        "_source": {
          "account_number": 99,
          "balance": 39225,
          "firstname": "Amber",
          "lastname": "Duke",
          "age": 32,
          "gender": "M",
          "address": "880 Holmes Lane",
          "employer": "Pyrami",
          "email": "amberduke@pyrami.com",
          "city": "Brogan",
          "state": "IL"
        },
        "sort": [
          99
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

至于响应,我们看下面几个部分:

1.took: Elasticsearch  执行搜索单位毫秒

2.timed_out  告诉我们如果搜索是否超时

3._shards 告诉我们搜索分片的数量


下面是使用使用请求body 方法:

GET /test/_search
{
  "query": { "match_all": {} },
  "sort": [
    { "account_number": "asc" }
     
  ],
  "fields":  [ "account_number", "firstname", "lastname" ]
}






{
  "took": 4,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 6,
    "max_score": null,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "test",
        "_type": "account",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": null,
        "fields": {
          "account_number": [
            1
          ],
          "firstname": [
            "Amber"
          ],
          "lastname": [
            "Duke"
          ]
        },
        "sort": [
          1
        ]
      },
      {
        "_index": "test",
        "_type": "account",
        "_id": "6",
        "_score": null,
        "fields": {
          "account_number": [
            6
          ],
          "firstname": [
            "Hattie"
          ],
          "lastname": [
            "Bond"
          ]
        },
        "sort": [
          6
        ]
      },
      {
        "_index": "test",
        "_type": "account",
        "_id": "13",
        "_score": null,
        "fields": {
          "account_number": [
            13
          ],
          "firstname": [
            "Nanette"
          ],
          "lastname": [
            "Bates"
          ]
        },
        "sort": [
          13
        ]
      },
      {
        "_index": "test",
        "_type": "account",
        "_id": "18",
        "_score": null,
        "fields": {
          "account_number": [
            18
          ],
          "firstname": [
            "Dale"
          ],
          "lastname": [
            "Adams"
          ]
        },
        "sort": [
          18
        ]
      },
      {
        "_index": "test",
        "_type": "account",
        "_id": "20",
        "_score": null,
        "fields": {
          "account_number": [
            20
          ],
          "firstname": [
            "Elinor"
          ],
          "lastname": [
            "Ratliff"
          ]
        },
        "sort": [
          20
        ]
      },
      {
        "_index": "test",
        "_type": "account",
        "_id": "99",
        "_score": null,
        "fields": {
          "account_number": [
            99
          ],
          "firstname": [
            "Amber"
          ],
          "lastname": [
            "Duke"
          ]
        },
        "sort": [
          99
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

利用perl 实现:

[elk@node01 api]$ cat a10.pl 
##发送消息
use  LWP::UserAgent; 
use LWP;
use Encode;
use LWP::Simple;
use LWP::UserAgent;
use HTTP::Cookies;
use HTTP::Headers;
use HTTP::Response;
use Encode;
use URI::Escape;
use URI::URL;
use JSON;
use Data::Dumper;
  my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new;
     $ua->agent("Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:30.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/30.0");
  my $cookie_jar = HTTP::Cookies->new(
     file=>'lwp_cookies.txt',
     autosave=>1,
     ignore_discard=>1);
     $ua->cookie_jar($cookie_jar);  
   my $login_url ="http://192.168.137.2:9200/test/_search";  
   my $post ={
  "query" => { "match_all" => {} },
  "sort" => [
    { "account_number" => "asc" }
     
  ],
  "fields" =>  [ "account_number", "firstname", "lastname" ]
};

        
    
    use JSON qw(encode_json);  
    $json_string = encode_json($post);  
  
    my $req = HTTP::Request->new(  
        'POST' => $login_url
    );  
    $req->content_type('application/json; charset=UTF-8')  
      ;    #post请求,如果有发送参数，必须要有这句  
    $req->content("$json_string");    #发送post的参数  
    my $res = $ua->request($req);  
    print $res->content()."
";            #获取的是响应正文  

	
	{"took":5,"timed_out":false,"_shards":{"total":5,"successful":5,"failed":0},"hits":{"total":6,"max_score":null,
	"hits":[{"_index":"test","_type":"account","_id":"1","_score":null,
	"fields":{"account_number":[1],"firstname":["Amber"],"lastname":["Duke"]},"sort":[1]},
	{"_index":"test","_type":"account","_id":"6","_score":null,
	"fields":{"account_number":[6],"firstname":["Hattie"],"lastname":["Bond"]},"sort":[6]},
	{"_index":"test","_type":"account","_id":"13","_score":null,
	"fields":{"account_number":[13],"firstname":["Nanette"],"lastname":["Bates"]},"sort":[13]},
	{"_index":"test","_type":"account","_id":"18","_score":null,"fields":{"account_number":[18],
	"firstname":["Dale"],"lastname":["Adams"]},"sort":[18]},{"_index":"test","_type":"account","_id":"20","_score":null,
	"fields":{"account_number":[20],"firstname":["Elinor"],"lastname":["Ratliff"]},"sort":[20]},
	{"_index":"test","_type":"account","_id":"99","_score":null,"fields":{"account_number":[99],
	"firstname":["Amber"],"lastname":["Duke"]},"sort":[99]}]}}

不同的是 代替了q=* in the URI, 我们POST 一个JSON累心的查询请求体到_search API.

我们会讨论JSON 查询在下面一个章节。


重要的是了解一旦你得到搜索结果返回,

Elasticsearch  是完成了请求 不在维护任何类型的服务端资源